Грамматика в таблицах

Таблица образования времен английского языка

                                   Present                                Past                          Future

Simple	Вспом. гл.: do / does Окон-е: –, -s Формула: V (+s) + I work + He writes – I do not work – He does not write ? Do I work? ? Does he write?	Вспом. гл.: did Окон-е: -ed, – Формула: V2 + I worked + He wrote – I did not work – He did not write ? Did I work? ? Did he write?	Вспом. гл.: will / shall Окон-е: – Формула: will/shall + V + I will work + He will write – I won’t work – He won’t write ? Will I work? ? Will I write?
Continuous	Вспом. гл.: be (is / am / are) Окон-е: -ing Формула: am/is/are + Ving + I am working + He is writing – I am not working – He is not writing ? Am I working? ? Is he writing?	Вспом. гл.: was / were Окон-е: -ing Формула: was/were + Ving + I was working + He was writing – I was not working – He was not writing ? Was I working? ? Was he writing?	Вспом. гл.: will be / shall be Окон-е: -ing Формула: will/shall + be + Ving + I will be working + He will be writing – I won’t be working – He won’t be writing ? Will I be working? ? Will he be writing?
Perfect	Вспом. гл.: have / has Окон-е: -ed Формула: have/has + V3 + I have worked + He has written – I have not worked – He has not written ? Have I worked? ? Has he written?	Вспом. гл.: had Окон-е: -ed Формула: had + V3 + I had worked + He had written – I had not worked – He had not written ? Had I worked? ? Had he written?	Вспом. гл.: will have / shall have Окон-е: -ed Формула: will/shall + have V3 + I will have worked + He will have written – I won’t have worked – He won’t have written ? Will I have worked? ? Will he have written?
Perfect Continuous	Вспом. гл.: have been / has been Окон-е: -ing Формула: have/has + been + Ving + I have been working + He has been writing – I have not been working – He has not been writing ? Have I been working? ? Has he been writing?	Вспом. гл.: had been Окон-е: -ing Формула: had been + Ving + I had been working + He had been writing – I had not been working – He had not been writing ? Had I been working? ? Had he been writing?	Вспом. гл.: will have been / shall have been Окон-е: -ing Формула: will/shall + have been + Ving + I will have been working + He will have been writing – I won’t have been working – He won’t have been writing ? Will I have been working? ? Will he have been writing?

Таблица: условные предложения

Condition (условие)		Subordinate clause (придаточное предл-е)	Principal clause (главное предл-е)	Translation (перевод)
Real	Present/Future (Type 0)	Present Simple	Present Simple	без БЫ
		If (when) you heat water,	it boils.
		If people need money,	they borrow it from banks.
	Present/Future (Type 1)	Present Simple/Cont.	will + Infinitive
		If it looks like rain,	we’ll stay at home.
		If I have more time,	I’ll come over.
		If he is working on Friday,	he won’t be able to go with us.
Unreal	Present/Future (Type 2)	Past Simple/Cont.	would/could/might +Infinitive	БЫ
		If I were you,	I would go there myself.
		If I had more time,	I would come over.
		If you knew him better,	you wouldn’t think so.
		If it were not raining,	I could go out.
	Past (Type 3)	Past Perfect	would/could + have +Participle II
		If you had gone there,	you would have seen him.
		If it hadn’t been so hot last summer,	we could have gone to the South.

Сослагательное наклонение в простом предложении (Oblique Moods in a Simple Sentence)

Как выражено	Модель (pattern)	Примеры
Нереальное условие (Unreal condition)
1. Нереальное условие понятно из контекста (подразумеваемое – implied)	would / should + indefinite (perfect) infinitive	I would have done much work yesterday. But I had a splitting headache.* (Я бы вчера сделал много работы. Но у меня очень болела голова.)
2. Выражено специальным обстоятельством (But for…)	But for smth smb would / should / could / might do / have done smth.	But for the rain we would go for a walk. (Если бы не дождь, мы бы пошли гулять. – сегодня) But for the rain we would have gone for a walk. (Если бы не дождь, мы бы пошли гулять. – вчера, тогда)
3. Выражено инфинитивной фразой, выступающей подлежащим	To do smth would / could / might do	To invite her would mean to spoil the party. (Пригласить ее означало бы испортить вечеринку.)
Совет (advice)
Выражен при помощи had better / had rather / would sooner (со значением “лучше бы вам сделать…”)	had better / had rather / would sooner do smth	You had better take a taxi. It’s too late. (Лучше бы вам взять такси. Уже слишком поздно.)
Предпочтение (preference)
Выражено при помощи would rather (со значением “пожалуй”)	Smb would rather do smth	I would rather go for a walk. (Я, пожалуй, пойду прогуляюсь.)
Желание, сожаление (wish, regret)
Выражено при помощи if only / oh, that / oh, if (со значением “Ах, если бы…”)	If only / Oh, that / Oh, if smb did / had done smth	If only I knew grammar better. (Ах, если бы я знала грамматику лучше! – речь идет о настоящем) If only I had been to England then. (Ах, если бы я тогда была в Англии!)
В устойчивых фразах для выражения раздражения (irritation), негодования (indignation)
Выражает значение типа “почему я?”, “почему я должен?”	Используется Suppositional Mood	Why should I go there again? (Почему опять я должен туда идти?)